Balanced Diet - Diet consisting of all essential nutrients in their right proportion.
| Nutrient | Function | Example | Deficiency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Protein | Growth, Repair, Active transport, Enzymes, Antibodies, Hormones | Meat, Egg, Fish | Kwashiorkor - Rapid muscle loss & swelling of abdomen, flaky skin |
| Marasmus - Low body mass, Thin arms, Lack of energy | |||
| Fats | Insulation[Body & Nerve Fibres], Storage[Energy], | Butter, Chocolate, Nuts | N/A |
| Carbohydrates | Energy [For functioning] | Starch & Sugary food | N/A |
| Vitamin C | Tissue repair, Gum maintenance, immune system support — Makes up collagen | Citrus fruits, lemons & Orange | You get scurvy — bleeding gums, bruising, tender skin |
| Vitamin D | Needed for absorption of calcium —> Strengthens bones & teeth | Sunlight, dairy, mushrooms | Rickets - Bone pain, lack of bone growth, weak bones |
| Water | Body temperature Regulation, Nutrient transportation, Waste removal | Watermelon, watery foods | Loss of 10% = Fatal |
| Fibre | Adds bulk [Better bowel movement, absorption of toxic waste] | Whole grain, fibrous foods | Constipation - Bowel cancer |
| Calcium | Formation of bones & teeth, muscle contraction, blood clotting | Milk, Cheese, Fish | Rickets in children, |
| Iron | Formation of hemoglobin, oxygen transport | Spinach, Egg yolk | Anaemic - Fatigue, tiredness |
Ingestion - The taking in substances [food and drink, into the body [mouth]]
Mechanical digestion - Breakdown of food into smaller pieces [No chemical change]
Chemical digestion - Large & Insoluble molecules → Small, Soluble molecules
Absorption - Small food molecules & ions from wall [intestine] → blood
Assimilation - digested food molecules→ cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cells
Egestion - passing out of food [Undigested] → faeces, through the anus
Teeth carry out mechanical digestion [32 teeth in humans]
| Tooth | Function | How Many |
|---|---|---|
| Incisors | Chisel-shaped → Biting & Cutting | 8 |
| Canines | Pointed → Tearing | 4 |
| Premolars | Uneven Cusps → Grinding & Chewing | 8 |
| Molars | Uneven Cusps → Grinding & Chewing | 12 |
enamel- forms the hard outer layer of crown of the tooth
dentine- soft and bone-like structure
cement- fixes the root into bony socket
FLOURIDE STRENGTHENS ENAMEL