8.1 Transport Systems:

Xylem:

Transfers water and mineral ions - roots → leaves [Through stem]

Adaptations -

• No organelles → free passage of water, larger lumen
• No cross walls → long continuous tube
• thickened with lignin →  support the plant

Phloem:

Transports → sucrose, amino acids and hormones - both downwards from leaves to roots & upwards from roots to all parts of plant

Xylem + Phloem = Vascular Bundle

8.2 Water Uptake:

Functions of root:

• Take up water and mineral ions
• Anchor the plant in the soil

Characteristics/adaptations:

• Thin partially permeable cell wall