Case study 2: Japan (High Dependent Population, Pro-Natalist)

General Information:

1. Largest population older than 65 in the world
2. 125 mil popultion

Aging Population -

Causes -

1. High life expectancy (84 on average)
2. Low Fertility Rate
3. Work centered culture + High cost of living = Less children
4. Fewer marriages, women wanna get educated - 35-40 avg marriage age
5. Lack of childcare facilities

Consequences -

1. Retirement age increase (60 → 65)
2. Shrinking workforce 1% each year
3. Less taxable people → Higher taxes of (20-25|)%
4. High dependency ratio (more pressure and stress on citizens)
5. Pressure on healthcare and other health services

Pro-Natalist Policies: -

1. New Angel Plan: 1999
   1. Cheaper childcare services
   2. Better housing for large families
   3. Women paid on childcare leave
2. Plus One Proposal: 2002
   1. 50,000 new daycare facilities