Reflection And Laws -

i = r

Reflection In A Mirror

Object an image should be of equal distance to the mirror, and on the same horizontal line - Image = Virtual

Refraction -

Rarer to Denser - Waves slow down - Waves turn towards the normal

Denser to Rarer - Waves speed up - Waves turn away from the normal

Prism -

Sides of prism are not parallel - Light comes out in different directions

White light splits into spectrum → White light is made up of a mixture of colours, and the prism refracts these colours by different amounts, red deviates the least, violet is deviated the most