Brownian Motion → random movement of particles in a fluid or gas because of the collision of particles .

Energy Of Particles -

Kinetic Energy - Energy because of motion

Potential Energy - Energy stored because of a change in position or shape

Total kinetic and potential energy = Internal energy

Temperature

Temperature - The measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object

Temperature ≠ Heat -

• Heat is the total energy of the particles inside an object, whereas temperature is the average kinetic energy of the particles.
• Eg. Temperature of boiling water, and an ocean of boiling water is the same, but the thermal energy is far less

Absolute Zero & Kelvin -

Absolute Zero = 0 K

Lowest temperature → particles can go no slower [They still have energy, but the least energy possible]

K = Celsius + 273

Thermometers -